Each of those triplets codes for a specific amino acid.
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Some amino acids might have multiple triplet codes.
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However, recent research suggests that such alterations to the triplet code do effect protein translation efficiency and protein folding and function.
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Proof that the genetic code is a degenerate triplet code finally came from genetics experiments, some of which were performed by Crick.
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Thus, they concluded that the genetic code is a triplet code because it did not cause a frameshift in the reading frame.
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Silent mutations lead to a change of one of the letters in the triplet code that represents a codon, but despite the single base change, the amino acid that is coded for remains unchanged or similar in biochemical properties.
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With his colleague Sydney Brenner, Crick eventually proved, in an experiment of remarkable elegance, that the genetic code was a triplet code in which sets of three bases in the DNA sequence determine a corresponding sequence of amino acids in proteins.
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With his colleague Sydney Brenner, Crick eventually proved, in an experiment of remarkable elegance, that the genetic code was a comma-less, triplet code in which sets of three bases in the DNA sequence determine a corresponding sequence of amino acids in proteins.
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Once it was established that the genetic code was a triplet code, and since it was known that there are only 4 types of base in DNA ( A, T, G and C ), it could be deduced that there are 64 possible triplets ( codons ) ( 4 x 4 x 4 = 64 ).
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Crick, Brenner, Klug and Pieczenik returned to their early work on deciphering the genetic code with a pioneering paper on the origin of protein synthesis, where constraints on mRNA and tRNA co-evolved allowing for a five-base interaction with a flip of the anticodon loop, and thereby creating a triplet code translating system without requiring a ribosome.
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